There are a few examples where the morphosyntactic class of the. The word is backformed from eponymous, from the greek eponymos meaning giving name. Etymology ythe e a p ob e o ety o og ca esea c s t e act main problem of etymological research is the fact that the original meaning of a lexeme is unknowable. Chapter 7 is devoted to two theoretical issues, the role of phonology in word formation, and the nature of word formation rules. Malaprop he is regarded as one of the founding fathers of nephrology, with his name immortalized in the eponym brights disease the word hippo, mall in the bamana language, is an eponym for the country itself guillainbarre syndrome is an eponym for a heterogeneous group of immunemediated peripheral neuropathies. For example, the saxophone is named after adolphe sax. Word formation clippping, blending and compounding words.
These word formation examples show how english words change form. Articles worksheets are in pdf format and consist of a worksheet and answer sheet to check your results. The definition of back formation is a word created by removing a part of another word, or the process of how this new word is made. Word formation pdf worksheets english vocabulary and. Word formation of photography terminologies ejournal usd. An eponym is a word that has its origin in a persons name. In the analysis of the corpus the following word formation processes. There is a lot of regularity in the word formation process in each language. Back formation is the reverse of affixation, being the analogical creation of a new word from an existing word falsely assumed to be its derivative. Word formation is sometimes contrasted with semantic change, which is a change in a single word s meaning. This paper discusses word formation in both english and arabic. Ebscohost serves thousands of libraries with premium essays, articles and other content including eponyms and word formation processes. The articles in this series define and exemplify the most common word formation processes, or the creation of new words, in english including derivation, back formation, conversion, compounding, clipping, blending, abbreviations, acronyms, eponyms, coinages, nonce words, borrowing, and calquing. He has an unfortunate inability to understand peoples feelings able 3.
Clipping also makes it easier to spell and write many words. Word formation wf 2 put the correct form of the word in brackets into the blank. While nonaffixation processes consists of coinage, eponyms, borrowing. Leprosy was given the eponym hansens disease after gerhard henrick armauer hansen.
The most typical sources are invented trade names for commercial products that become general terms. Jan 30, 2015 word forming proccess coinage, blending, acronym word forming proccess coinage, blending, acronym a. Multiple processes the creation of a particular word involves more than one process. Morpheme smallest grammatical unit of language it may or may not stand alone 2. Backformation dictionary definition backformation defined. Use the words above and any other words that you think are relevant to answer the following questions.
English eponyms represent a rich research base due to their one word or multi word structure, usage, origin of the person whose name they derive from, morphological function they may play at. Eponym, word, onomastics, proper names, definition, european. You just dont likely know that there is a name for it. As examples, mongolism is currently called downs syndrome and leprosy has all but been replaced with hansens disease. Have them write a word in the middle of the paper flower and ask them to write compound words that utilize the word on the petals.
Boycott cardigan james thomas brudnell, 7th earl of cardigan cereal ceres jacuzzi candido jacuzzi mesmerize franz anton mesmer. Onomastics, and proper names in particular, have been the subject of study using various approaches and points of view by philosophers, anthropologists and psychologists, but much more rarely by linguists. Eponym definition in the cambridge english dictionary. The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. Such as jeans was a cloth first made in genoa, italy but now there are jeans of different brands. In other words, clipping refers to part of a word that serves for the whole, such as ad and phone from advertisement and telephone, respectively. These words are derived from the names of real, fictional, mythical or spurious persons, places or characters, although many of these eponyms come. Eponyms are prominent in our culture, though we may take some for granted. The word formation component wf component of a linguistic system provides the word formation pat. Mar 11, 2019 as a word, eponymous is a bit anonymous itself. Words which are originated from the names of people or places. The meaning often changes, and if we go back looking at a worda words history, we could come to an era of which we s. A change in the function of a word, as for example when a noun comes to be used as a.
These examples are from the cambridge english corpus and from sources on the web. The word eponym pronounced epuhnim came into use around 1833 and comes from the greek word, eponymos. Some words are formed by clipping a part of a larger word while retaining the meaning of the original word. Eponyms can also refer to genericised trademark or brand names, also known as proprietary eponyms.
English eponyms represent a rich research base due to their oneword or multiword structure, usage, origin of the person whose name they derive from, morphological function they may play at. All downloads are in pdf format and consist of a worksheet and answer sheet to check your results. The research objectives were to find out the types of word formation, the dominant type and the. In linguistics, conversion, also called zero derivation or null derivation, is a kind of word formation involving the creation of a word of a new word class from an existing word of a different word class without any change in form, which is to say, derivation using only zero. In morphology, clipping is the process of forming a new word by dropping one or more syllables from a polysyllabic word, such as cellphone from cellular phone. Also available are printable lists of the most common abbreviations, acronyms, and eponyms in english.
Pdf list of words for word formation part of fce exam. Such as jeans was a cloth first made in genoa, italy but now there are jeans of. Eponym ultimate list of brands that own the market. As very little is known regarding extent and distribution of this variation, the present study was planned to assess current use of eponymous term taking down syndrome and downs syndrome as an example. For example, in parkinson disease named after james parkinson, parkinson is capitalized, but disease is not. Eponyms as cultural key words and their lexicographic. Word formation process is a way of forming new words or terms from the use of old words. This article defines and provides examples of the related word formation processes of.
As neologism or coinage, we identify the word formation process of inventing entirely new words neology. Coinage there are some points of view about the meaning of slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Backformations, blends, and other types of word formation. Some eponyms change slightly when the word class changes for example, the eponym ritz becomes ritzy as an adjective. Word formation clippping, blending and compounding words in. If the front portion of the word is clipped away it is called front clipping. Some eponymous words are still capitalized like a proper noun, so those not capitalized are most clearly eponyms. An eponym is a word that is derived from the proper name of a real or mythical person or place. Be sure to add any others you know to the comments. The processes consist of clipping, blending, acronym, back formation, folk etymology, and antonomasia.
Pr is an axiomatically formalised wordformation theory in the itemandprocess tradition, with the following basic ideas. This dictionary also provides examples ofcontemporarycontexts in which. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the cambridge dictionary editors or of cambridge university press or its licensors. Word formationaffixation wikibooks, open books for an open. A person or things name can come to be associated with the name of another character, person, product, object, activity, or even a discovery. In some languages, like italian and israeli hebrew the word calimero is also used to refer to biker helmets. For each eponym youll find a definition, two example sentences, the origin and a quick quiz question. The language is presently under going a change, not entirely spontaneous, in which eponyms of this possessive type are being replaced by variants containing proper nouns in uninflected form. On these pages we list eponyms strictly as nouns and also show examples when they are used as other classes. However, most of the eponyms that are included in the dictionary are names from famous scientists, e. Read on for more examples in this excerpt from word workout by charles harrington elster. Then check your understanding of how to use those words with a gapfill exercise.
Boycott cardigan james thomas brudnell, 7th earl of cardigan cereal ceres jacuzzi. The word eponym pronounced ep uhnim came into use around 1833 and comes from the greek word, eponymos. Morpheme free morpheme can function independently as words and can appear with other words bound morpheme appears only parts of words. Its an eponym named for the addlebrained literary character, mrs. There are quite a few of them, and we will now make the most important ones simple and clear. Practice with these 150 examples of compound words. What is coinage what are eponyms word formation processes. Although eponyms are widely used in medicine, they arbitrarily alternate between the possessive and nonpossessive forms. Firstly, the paper introduces word formation as to definition and processes, along with a few. This list contains 10 eponyms and their fascinating origins. Like most of these concepts, you are probably already familiar with reduplication. List of eponyms this is a list of about fifty common eponyms. Calypso, greek mythological character calypso plant, calypso music, calypso camera. You actually want a tissue but kimberlyclark did a great job getting us to call it kleenex instead.
When the eponym is used together with a noun, the commonnoun part is not capitalized unless it is part of a title or it is the first word in a sentence. For example, a clipped form may replace the original word in everyday usagesuch as the use of piano in place of pianoforte. Coinage is the word formation process in which a new word is created either deliberately or accidentally without using the other word formation processes and often from. The words we use today are drawn from and have evolved for todays usage from a wide variety of sources. Eponym is defined as the person for whom a discovery or other thing is defined as named. Eponyms are a word form by the word formation process in which a new word is formed from the name of a real of fictitious person. An eponym as we will use the term here is an ordinary common noun derived from a proper noun, the name of a person or place. Coinage is the word formation process in which a new word is created either deliberately or accidentally without using the other word formation processes and often from seemingly nothing. Put the correct form of the word in brackets into the blank. Pr is an axiomatically formalised word formation theory in the itemandprocess tradition, with the following basic ideas. The word hippo, mall in the bamana language, is an eponym for the country itself.
Eponyms as cultural key words and their lexicographic euralex. Prefix meaning examples inter between, among interface, interactive intra within, inside of intranet super over supersonic trans across transmit, transfer ex out exclude, extrinsic in inside include, intrinsic extra beyond extraordinary sub under subschema infra below infrared, infrastructure peri around peripheral 7. Word formation processes are basically how new words are created and become part of the language. The eponyms are regarded as cultural key words, inasmuch as they. Once your students know the basics of compounds, you can help them move onto more difficult words. Guillainbarre syndrome is an eponym for a heterogeneous group of immunemediated peripheral neuropathies.
Coinageinvention the invention of a totally new term is called coinage. The phrase sideburns actually comes from ambrose burnside, an american jackofalltrades and first president of the nra. There are some points of view about the meaning of coinage. Processes of word formation are the bases upon which words are formed in a language. She is an inductee in the podcasting hall of fame, and the show is a fivetime winner of best education podcast in the podcast awards. Richard nordquist is a freelance writer and former professor of english and rhetoric who wrote collegelevel grammar and composition textbooks. Word formation questions and answers english language. Wittingly or unwittingly, few people and places have left their names for posterity through words that were coined after them. They demonstrate the use of many of the word endings in the list of suffixes with examples from different word families. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Examples include okeydokey, filmflam, and pitterpatter. Want to bet that aids will take on a new name in the future. Within the science of onomastics, the notion of distinctive traits. A clipped form generally has the same denotative meaning as the word it comes from, but its regarded as more colloquial and informal. Definition of clipping in linguistics plus examples. Linguistics ch 5 word formation flashcards quizlet. Eponym meaning in the cambridge english dictionary. For example, the verb to edit has been formed other articles where back formation is discussed. Clipping acronyms abbreviations affixation reduplication internal change conversion eponyms. Due to the clerks stubbornness we missed the train stubborn 4. Ebscohost serves thousands of libraries with premium essays, articles and other content including eponyms and wordformation processes.
Words like quisling, sandwich, and silhouette are solid eponyms. If the end part of the word is clipped away it is called back clipping. Called eponyms, many words tell interesting tales about their origins. If it is done to both the ends it is called front and back clipping. Reduplication refers to words formed through repetition of sounds. They are used in polish compounds and blends to ensure phonological feasibility of a word.
Also, some descriptive terms have been deemed offensive or stigmatizing. They do exist in english but due to the fact that english compoundformation does not require such measures their number is scarce eg. In short, an eponym is anything thats ever been named after anybody. Clipped words and its definitions clipped words list and. This article defines and provides examples of the related word formation processes of abbreviation, acronyms, and eponyms. The wordformation component wf component of a linguistic system provides the wordformation pat. As pointed out earlier, wordformation tries to explain the processes through which we can create new word forms. Weve already seen some of these at work when we looked at morphemes and word classes, but now well investigate them a little more closely, initially using exploratory methods again, rather than just looking at long lists of morphemes and listing their functions. Coinage there are some points of view about the meaning of coinage. There are so many products where the name of it is what the market calls it.
Creating new words in english the articles in this series define and exemplify the most common word formation processes, or the creation of new words, in english including derivation, backformation, conversion, compounding, clipping, blending, abbreviations, acronyms, eponyms, coinages, nonce words, borrowing, and calquing. Eponyms picked up from mythology or literature become metaphorical in nature. North american political trends or government administrations often become eponymous with the president, for example jeffersonian economics, obamacare or jacksonian democracy. Mignon fogarty is the founder of quick and dirty tips and the author of seven books on language, including the new york times bestseller grammar girls quick and dirty tips for better writing.
352 1395 359 1630 48 1045 1421 1053 809 1257 297 1677 798 1021 1309 866 1416 155 1516 483 605 641 834 1509 598 1062 641 1530 249 583 753 851 767 1027 927 661 1273 147 1113 63 730 590