Water harvesting techniques gather water from an area termed the catchment area and channel it to the cropping area or wherever it is required. There are about 700 monks and nuns living at the monastery and many additional farmers living nearby. Pdf social and economic potential of rainwater harvesting in. Assessment of drinking water quality and determinants of household potable water consumption in simada district, ethiopia a project paper presented to the faculty of the graduate school of cornell university in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of master of professional studies mps by meseret belachew addisie january 2012. The potential and reliability of macrocatchment rainwater harvesting for supplemental irrigation. Overview of the ethiopian rainwater harvesting association iwmi. Strengtheningenhancing drought and flood early warning systems in ethiopia page 4 3. Ethiopia is a landlocked country located in the horn of africa. Water harvesting technologies a challenge to ethiopia. International livestock research institute ilri addis ababa, ethiopia. During rains, the portion of the water which falls on nwater harvesting. Symposium rainwater harvesting assessed from three angles. The ethiopian rainwater harvesting association erha aimed to promote rainwater harvesting among at least 10 communities approximately 2 000 people in southern ethiopia. The science of the total environment 311 2003 6580 67 fig.
A rain water harvesting system for mai misham school, ethiopia background. Water resources of ethiopia california state university. While access has increased substantially with funding from foreign aid, much still remains to be done to achieve the millennium development goal of halving the share of people without access to water and sanitation by 2015, to improve sustainability and to improve service quality. Federal democratic republic of ethiopia ministry of water. Upon approval, the columbia water center cwc team at the earth institute, columbia university, focused on planning a visit to the. The case of alaba woreda, ethiopia rebeka amha ilri, addis ababa, ethiopia.
Shanmugham2 introduction rainwater harvesting is undertaken mainly to capture the run off from the seasonal rains and store it for use in times of need. Crop production and food aid requirements orthe ethiopia population. The high annual rainfall rates make rainwater harvesting one of the best options to mitigate water. Part of our work is to fulfill this mission in ethiopia. Conservation techniques conserve water within the biomass and the soil by reducing runoff and keeping the water where it falls, as much as possible. Contaminated water leads to death and disease, and harvests are entirely dependent on rainfall, which is why they are insufficient.
Thus, there is now increasing interest to the low cost alternative. Water harvesting part here is the construction of diversion structures permanent or temporary across on part of the river and canaling to an irrigation command area. Rainwater harvesting in rural areas our field experiences1 c. Ethiopia is endowed with enormous water resources having surface water and groundwater potential but access to water is limited due to. Rain harvesting to improve water quality in ethiopia. Pdf clean water scarcity becomes a critical issue in many parts of ethiopia due to the high population growth, water pollution, and climate change find. A gis feasibility study ethiopia is a populous country in eastern africa that has three of the major tributaries to the nile river, which contribute about 86% of the combined nile water flow into the aswan dam, but ethiopia receives only 1% of that water reserve. Rainwaterharvesting is one of the means by which agricultural production can be increased to meet the growing food demands in all regions. Harvesting of rainwater on roofs at individual, community or institutional level. The augmented resources can be harvested whenever needed.
Kenya rainwater harvesting map overall, this project has successfully shown that gis is a cost effective method to identify rwh as a viable option to improve water supply in both ethiopia and kenya. Rainwater harvesting initiatives have helped those facing drought in india, china and mexico and could be the answer to improving water quality in ethiopia on a widespread basis. Access to water supply and sanitation in ethiopia is amongst the lowest in subsaharan africa and the entire world. Behailu and others published water harvesting in northern ethiopia. In this symposium rwh will be assessed from three angles. Clean water scarcity becomes a critical issue in many parts of ethiopia due to the high population growth, water pollution and climate change. In many cases, roads cause flooding and water logging along the way, whereas the. Gadio stressed the role of gender in climate change has signi. According to a recently published report of the world bank, estimates of freshwater per capita1 of ethiopia for the year 2000 was 1711 cubic meters. The rain water harvesting may be defined as the technique of collection and storage of rain water at surface or in subsurface aquifer before it is lost as surface run off. Addis ababa highlightsunited nations environment programme.
It is located on the rim an extinct volcano south of addis ababa. Project goals included building sand dams and storage tanks to ensure access to safe drinking water and water for productive use in the short and longterm for communities. The study evaluated the impact of rainwaterharvesting irrigation on household food security and income in eastern hararghe, ethiopia. Economic analysis of water harvesting technologies in ethiopia. Drinking water, sanitation and hygiene in ethiopia we. Best practices for water harvesting and irrigation in. And, families with access to water at home are betterequipped to maintain their own health and the viability of their crops. Rainwater harvesting for supplemental irrigation of onions. Water resources management in ethiopia description continued in this study, the editors address these and other issues surrounding water resources management in all economic and water sectors in ethiopia within the setting of the nile basin, the first comprehensive treatment of.
Community perception on rainwater harvesting systems for. Water harvesting for upgrading of rainfed agriculture problem analysis and research needs this report has been financially supported by the foundation for strategic environmental research, mistra. Development of small scale irrigation and water harvesting schemes in arid, semiarid, and dry. Rainwater in flash floods, surface runoff and the ephemeral rivers can be captured and stored much more often, using multiple water harvesting technologies sanddams, ponds, subsurface dams, dugwells, insitu and roof catchment among others. Pdf rooftop rainwater harvesting as an alternative. The farmers use manual labor rather than treadle pump. After visiting ethiopia and seeing people forced to walk miles every day for water, an italian designer set his mind to creating a simple solution to provide clean water for any mountainous village. Overview of the ethiopian rainwater harvesting association. Ethiopia is one of the poorest countries in the world world bank, 2003. Rainwater harvesting to improve livelihoods in ethiopia. Ilri workshop, march 1416, addis ababa, ethiopia page 1 roles, constraints and opportunities of small scale irrigation and water harvesting in ethiopian agricultural. While ethiopia has relatively abundant water resources, it is considered water stressed due to rapid population growth over the last decade. Roles, constraints and opportunities of small scale. Rooftop rainwater harvesting as an alternative approach of sustainable water supply.
Policy, knowhow and training on rainwater harvesting rwh and will be organised in ethiopia, from the 1st until the 12th of june 2015. This thesis examines the economic aspects of water harvesting by exploring. However, water withdrawn for agriculture represents only an estimated four percent of the overall countrys available renewable water resources. Assessment of best practises and experience in water. Ethiopian rainwater harvesting association erha secretariat, addis ababa, ethiopia. The promise and challenges of waterharvesting in tigray and amhara ethiopia reliefweb. Here, the technology focus was on the development and safe use of shallow groundwater through handdug wells, manual drilling, related lifting. Rainwater harvesting in rural areas our field experiences1. It is a method for inducing, collecting, storing and conserving local surface runoff for agriculture in arid and semiarid regions water collected from roof tops, courtyards and similar compacted or treated surfaces domestic purposes and garden crops micro catchment water.
Location of the sample sites in the rift valley, ethiopia. The policy angle will engage stakeholders from governments and ingos and discuss how to. English news and press release on ethiopia about agriculture. Community perception on rainwater harvesting systems for enhancing food security in dry lands of kenya. Nevertheless these multi purposes structures will not be treated in detail further in this handbook. Rainwater harvesting technology practices and implication of. Water harvesting has been promoted in ethiopia on the basis of augmenting. A case study of rainwater harvesting for domestic, livestock, environmental and agricultural use in kusa by orodi odhiambo, alex oduor and.
Pdf socioeconomic potential of rainwater harvesting in. Rainwater harvesting is one of the environmentally sound systems of gaining water. Consideration of how floodwater may affect any local housing must be taken. Turning finance into services for 2015 and beyond significant human resource capacity challenges, in particular at woreda that is, district level, despite large but disparate programbased capacity building initiatives. The distribution of loans was organized by integrating a geographic information systembased land degradation priority map with the communities judgments and land tenure maps. The storage is made on the ground surface or underground, depending upon. The rationale of this research is to study about the potential of rooftop rainwater harvesting as an alternative. Where we work in tigray, farming grain crops supports sustenance and livelihoods. Promoting droughtcrop insurance program in ethiopia page 2 2. It focuses on the household level, where most adaptation and coping strategies are implemented. Rooftop rainwater harvesting as an alternative approach of. A case study of addis ababa ethiopia article pdf available june 2017 with 556 reads how we measure reads. Water harvesting in sudan practical action 3 areas of land. Its economy is based mainly on agriculture providing employment for over 80% of the labor force which accounts for a little over 50% of the gdp gross domestic product.
Zuquala monastery ethiopian orthodox church to provide a fogwater supply for the monastery. Rural development and natural resource management masters. Overview of the ethiopian rainwater harvesting association erha meselech seyoum ethiopian rainwater harvesting association erha secretariat, addis ababa, ethiopia background the global concern water is a finite and limited resource upon which human wellbeing and socioeconomic development depend. Water harvesting for multiple use in ethiopia mustrain 3 roles of partners the irc international water and sanitation centre is a thinkand do tank focused on the wash and iwrm sectors but with a strong interest in crosssectoral approaches to development and a background as a founder member of the mus group.
A case study of uvati and kawala sublocation in mwingi district, kenya. Drinking water quality in the ethiopian section of the. Our goal is to educate the public about rainwater harvesting and other waterrelated issues so that we can have a sustainable water supply for generations to come. Ethiopia has a big potential for benefiting from rain fed agriculture even in drought prone areas. Ethiopia managing water resources to maximize sustainable growth country water resources assistance strategy report no. Water is an essential resource for lives and development. Soil conservation and water harvesting rain foundation. One method of improving water quality in ethiopia is to implement rainwater harvesting techniques. Recent development in water harvesting practices in ethiopia.
Women and girls have to travel huge distances to fetch water, and they are unable to go to school or participate. Assessment of best practises and experience in water harvesting rainwater harvesting handbook african development bank. The most common types of macrocatchment rwh ponds in the southern dry lands of ethiopia encompass underground rainwater ponds that could be of earthen ponds without any lining materials, lined with cement or covered with plastic sheets. Hydrogeology of ethiopia as a mountainous country, ethiopia receives a significant amount of rainfall in the highlands figure 4, and even in the arid areas rainfall can be used as a direct water. Rai nwater harvesting as adaptation to climate change. Rainwater harvesting in ethiopia and kenya, africa giscorps. In ethiopias arid areas, where pastoralism is the dominant livelihood, practical. The new publication, impacts of rainwater harvesting. Water harvesting technologies a challenge to ethiopia iwmi.
Ethiopia is blessed with water resources, but the irony of drought, famine, and water related preventable diseases in the land of plenty is a mind boggling and bitter fact we have become used to. Rain water harvesting, utilization, tigray, ethiopia. Federal democratic republic of ethiopia ministry of water resources national meteorological services agency initial national communication of ethiopia to the united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc june 2001 addis ababa, ethiopia. Water harvesting for upgrading of rainfed agriculture.
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